E-POSTER DETAIL | 11th Asia Pacific Tele Ophthalmology Society Symposium

Title
Stereopsis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Interocular Macular Structural Asymmetry

Authors
Yongyuan He, Haidong Zou

Presenting
Yongyuan He

PURPOSE:
To evaluate near stereopsis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to explore its associations with interocular asymmetry of macular structure.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, 61 children and adolescents with T1DM and 122 healthy controls underwent refraction test and Titmus stereoacuity testing. Abnormal stereopsis was defined as stereoacuity > 60″. Between-group comparisons were performed using the χ² test, and logistic regression models were applied to adjust for age, sex, and anisometropia. Titmus stereoacuity values were log10-transformed for continuous analyses. Within the T1DM group, macular thickness measurements were obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography, and absolute interocular thickness differences (μm) were calculated for corresponding anatomical regions. Multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and anisometropia were conducted to identify associated factors.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, 61 children and adolescents with T1DM and 122 healthy controls underwent refraction test and Titmus stereoacuity testing. Abnormal stereopsis was defined as stereoacuity > 60″. Between-group comparisons were performed using the χ² test, and logistic regression models were applied to adjust for age, sex, and anisometropia. Titmus stereoacuity values were log10-transformed for continuous analyses. Within the T1DM group, macular thickness measurements were obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography, and absolute interocular thickness differences (μm) were calculated for corresponding anatomical regions. Multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and anisometropia were conducted to identify associated factors.

RESULTS:
The proportion of abnormal stereopsis was significantly higher in the T1DM group than in controls [37.7% (23/61) vs 13.9% (17/122), P<0.001]. After adjustment for age, sex, and anisometropia, T1DM was independently associated with abnormal stereopsis (OR=3.24, 95% CI 1.34–7.87, P=0.009). Within the T1DM group, greater interocular difference in outer temporal macular thickness was associated with poorer stereopsis: in multivariable linear regression with log10(Titmus) as the outcome, β=0.020 (95% CI 0.002–0.037, P=0.031); in multivariable logistic regression for stereoacuity > 60″, OR=1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.43, P=0.012).

RESULTS:

The proportion of abnormal stereopsis was significantly higher in the T1DM group than in controls [37.7% (23/61) vs 13.9% (17/122), P<0.001]. After adjustment for age, sex, and anisometropia, T1DM was independently associated with abnormal stereopsis (OR=3.24, 95% CI 1.34–7.87, P=0.009). Within the T1DM group, greater interocular difference in outer temporal macular thickness was associated with poorer stereopsis: in multivariable linear regression with log10(Titmus) as the outcome, β=0.020 (95% CI 0.002–0.037, P=0.031); in multivariable logistic regression for stereoacuity > 60″, OR=1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.43, P=0.012).

CONCLUSIONS:
Children and adolescents with T1DM exhibit a significantly higher risk of stereopsis impairment than healthy controls. Within the T1DM group, greater interocular asymmetry in outer temporal macular thickness is associated with worse stereopsis.